Journal of Horticultural Sciences

R. G. Somkuwar ¹, S. D. Ramteke ¹, J. Satisha ¹, Mahadev Bhange ¹, Prerna Itroutwar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune - 412307, IN

Abstract

Effect of canopy manipulation during forward pruning on berry development and photosynthetic parameters was studied in Tas-A-Ganesh grape grafted onto Dogridge ischolar_mainstock. Canopy manipulation including shoot thinning, leaf removal, shoot thinning with leaf removal, and shoot pinching, was done after forward pruning. Significant differences were observed in yield and quality. Shoot thinning to about 40 shoots per vine, with removal of three basal leaves, resulted in significantly higher yield, followed by that in shoot thinning alone. Lowest yield was recorded in the Control. Leaf removal drastically reduced bunch development affecting berry weight, diameter and length compared to other treatments. Among different canopy manipulation treatments, higher average bunch weight was recorded in shoot thinning plus leaf removal, whereas, lowest bunch weight was recorded with leaf removal alone. At harvest, the amount of total soluble solids in berries was low in leaf removal at pre-bloom stage, but increased in the treatment of shoot thinning with leaf removal, at the same stage. Different canopy manipulation treatments had significant impact on photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Overall results indicated that canopy manipulation practices such as shoot thinning, to retain 40 shoots per vine with or without leaf removal, followed by pinching, can be recommended to grape growers.

Keywords

Grape, Canopy Managements Practices, Photosynthesis, Quality, Yield.

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R. G. Somkuwar ¹, J. Satisha ¹, S. D. Ramteke ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Box 03, Manjri Farm Post, Pune - 412 307, IN

Abstract

A field trial was conducted to determine the effect of cane thickness on berry quality and other biochemical parameters in 'Tas-A-Ganesh' grape at National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, during the year 2008- 2009. Average bunch weight increased with increase in cane diameter. Own-ischolar_mained vines of cane thickness <6mm sprouted earlier than thicker canes. TSS of berries decreased with increase in berry size. Berries on grafted vines recorded lower TSS than on own-ischolar_mained vines. Biochemical parameters such as content of reducing sugars, carbohydrat and phenols were higher in grafted vines of cane thickness >10mm. Results indicate that thicker canes either on their own ischolar_mains or on grafted vines are superior for yield and yield components, as also for physical properties of bunches and berries and total carbohydrate content of the canes.

Keywords

Tas-A-Ganesh, Sprouting, Cane Thickness, Bunch Weight, Total Soluble Solids, Reducing Sugars, Carbohydrates.

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T. S. Aghora ¹, N. Mohan ¹, R. G. Somkuwar ², Girija Ganeshan ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Vegetable drops, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560089, IN
2 National Research Center for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

French bean is an important legume vegetable grown for its tender, green pods for both fresh consumption and processing. Rust, caused by Uromyces phaseoli, limits successful cultivation of this crop. Popular varieties like Contender, Pant Anupama, Pusa Parvathi, Arka Komal, Arka Suvidha, etc., are susceptible to this disease. The french bean variety, Arka Bold, having resistance to rust was used in hybridization with Arka Komal, a popular bush variety with high yield and slender, long green pods but susceptible to rust. Inheritance studies indicated that resistance to rust was controlled by a single, dominant gene. Pedigree method of breeding was followed for incorporating rust resistance in to commercially cultivated varieties. Breeding lines with resistance to rust were selected to F₂ generation onwards. These were advanced up to F₇, wherein, a promising line, (Arka Bold x Arka Komal) 99-17-2-1-4-12-3, with resistance to rust with high pod yield and good pod quality was selected and named Arka Anoop and released for commercial cultivation.

Keywords

French Bean, Rust Resistance.

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J. Satisha ¹, R. G. Somkuwar ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru - 560 089, IN
2 ICAR - National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune - 412 307, IN

Abstract

Removing leaves from cluster zone is one of the management practices followed to improve fruit composition in temperate wine grape growing countries. However, knowledge on canopy management practices to improve fruit and juice composition for quality wine making is still lacking in semiarid tropical regions of India. Due to ample sunlight availability during fruit growth in semiarid tropics, it is unclear whether the leaves have to be removed from cluster zone. In case the leaves have to be removed, the direction from which it has to be done is also important. Hence, this study was conducted to see the effect of leaf removal from two sides of canopy on fruit composition in two wine grape varieties. In Cabernet Sauvignon vines leaf removal from both east and west side of the canopyimproved fruit quality in terms of reduced pH, potassium, malic acid and increased phenolics. Nevertheless, removing leaves from eastern side was found to be better than western side, because clusters are exposed toexcess sunlight. However, in Sauvignon Blanc, leaf removal from east side improved most of the desirable fruit composition parameters, while leaf removal from west side reduced the fruit quality in terms of sugars, acids, pH, total phenols etc.

Keywords

Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Fruit Composition, Leaf Removal, Organic Acids, Phenolic Compounds.

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